Early iPhone 7 Teardowns: Intel & Qualcomm Modems, TSMC SoC, 2 to 3 GB of RAM
by Ryan Smith on September 16, 2016 10:15 AM EST- Posted in
- Smartphones
- Mobile
- iPhone 7
- iPhone 7 Plus
- Chipworks
- iFixit
Today is launch date for Apple’s new iPhone 7 models, and as is tradition every year, the teardowns have already begun. Both the Chipworks/TechInsights team and iFixit have completed their respective initial teardowns of the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, tearing part some of the first phones to go on sale. These teardowns are preliminary – there’s a lot of work left to do in deciphering the many cryptic identification numbers of the various components – but right off the bat it confirms a few things about each of the phones.
We’ll start off with the Chipworks teardown of an iPhone 7, which they have already earnestly begun identifying chips on. One of their immediate findings is that for the first time in a while, Apple is using a non-Qualcomm modem. On Chipworks’ GSM phone, they have found an Intel baseband processor with the model number PMB9943. They believe this to be part of Intel’s XMM 7360 modem, which was announced back in 2015.
The XMM 7360 is a high-end LTE Advanced modem design that offers up to Category 10 performance (450 Mbps down). This is achieved in part through the use of 3x carrier aggregation, which allows the modem to use up to 60Mhz of wireless spectrum. The modem does not support CDMA, and as the iFixit team has turned up a Qualcomm Snapdragon X12 (Cat 12) modem in their unit, Apple is clearly using modems from multiple vendors. It’s not clear how this breakdown works – if Apple is using the Qualcomm modem in some GSM phones as well – but at a minimum the Qualcomm modem will have to be in all of the CDMA-capable models.
Meanwhile for Intel’s modem group, this is a significant win, as the company has not seen too many high-profile device wins in recent years. Though historically speaking, this is actually something of a return to form. The original iPhone used a modem from the group’s predecessor, Infineon’s wireless unit, whom Intel purchased in 2010.
Moving on, we have of course the A10 Fusion SoC. Chipworks has yet to get a die shot in, but they have already confirmed that the SoC is produced by TSMC. This is presumably another 16nm FinFET SoC, but the Chipworks team will be working to confirm that. So far there is no evidence to indicate that Apple is dual-sourcing SoCs on the iPhone 7 like they did the iPhone 6s, but this is again preliminary information.
Given that Apple doesn’t get a major new manufacturing process to use this generation, I had been wondering if and how Apple would instead compromise on die size, and we now have a rough answer. Chipworks estimates the A10 die to be roughly 125mm2 in size. This is 20.5mm2 (~20%) larger than the A9 TSMC die. The good news for Apple is that yields should be much better in 2016 than they were in 2015, so chip manufacturing costs should be down, helping to offset the higher costs of the larger chip. And while there are ways to improve performance without increasing the die size, any kind of significant improvement would have to entail a larger die, which is exactly what we’re seeing here. If nothing else, Apple would need more room for the new high-efficiency CPU cores the chip packs in.
Speaking of packing, Chipworks’ teardown also hints that the A10 may have been packaged using TSMC’s new Integrated Fan Out (InFO) technique, which is meant to allow for thinner chip packages. InFO saves space, in part, by eliminating the organic substrate that logic dies have traditionally been mounted on.
Lastly with the A10, Chipworks’ teardown of their iPhone 7 confirms that it has 2GB of RAM, specifically Samsung LPDDR4. Besides confirming that the memory capacity on the iPhone 7 hasn’t increased versus the iPhone 6s, this is notable because iFixit has found something different with their iPhone 7 Plus. In the case of the larger phone, there is 3GB of RAM. Apple has never before equipped the Plus with more memory than the base model, so this is a first. And while there has always been some performance stratification between the two phones due to the Plus model’s larger size – allowing better heat dissipation, and therefore slightly better performance – I wonder if this means we’re going to see an increase in the stratification between the two phone models. If nothing else, I suspect this comes as a consequence of the Plus’s higher resolution screen: all other factors being held equal, the Plus needs a bit more RAM for its larger GPU frame buffers.
Update: The Chipworks crew has their die shot and floor plan back, so let's take a look.
As Apple already disclosed the number of GPU clusters, there's not a whole lot left to doubt in terms of basic construction.The GPU cores, SRAM caches, and the performance CPU cores are all easy enough to find, with the latter block now about 16mm2, versus 13mm2 in the A9. The big question here is where the two smaller, high-efficiency cores are. Chipworks postulates three thories: 1) They're in the same block as the high performance cores (and hence labeled as a quad core CPU), they're to the left of the die, or they're to the bottom left of the die.
It is likely - but not guaranteed - that they're close to the high-performance cores. However both alternative locations do have pairs of identical blocks, which is what you'd be looking for in a secondary set of CPU cores. So although those options are less likely, without additional information it's difficult to rule out those options entirely.
Finally, one interesting aspect of the Chipworks report is that they unexpectedly found a third audio amplifier. Chipworks was expecting to find two – one for each of the speakers – but came up with a third. The firm believes that the third amp may be for headphones, which in turn would mean that Apple has significantly revised the Lightning port specification for the iPhone 7. Previously Lightning has only carried digital audio, which doesn’t require an amp in the phone itself. In the initial iPhone 7 announcement I had speculated that Apple put the DAC (and amp) inside their 3.5mm adapter – which would be consistent with how Lightning has worked over the last 4 years – but this casts doubt on that idea. If Apple has revised the specification to allow analog audio over the port, then this greatly simplifies how headphones and adapters will work. But it also would raise a number of questions about peripheral compatibility, especially what happens if you plug something like the Lightning EarPods into an older device like the iPhone 5s.
On that note, the Chipworks and iFixit teardowns also show us what’s gone in the place of the now-absent headphone jack: Apple has placed a taptic engine (linear actuator) for the solid state home button, and an unusual plastic bumper.
Wrapping things up, Chipworks’ reports that they already have the A10 SoC in their lab for further work, including confirming the manufacturing process and, of course, a die shot. The latter should prove to be very interesting, as it will be the first look we get at Apple’s new high-efficiency CPU cores. And in the meantime on our end we also have our iPhone samples in-house, so we’re diligently working on putting together a review for later this month. So be sure to stay tuned for that.
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negusp - Sunday, September 18, 2016 - link
Not really, because the A10 in the iPhone won't be licensed out and iOS, being closed-source as it is, doesn't even use a fraction of the A10's potential.azulon1 - Monday, September 26, 2016 - link
There are many many many many ways to use the power of this chip in iOS. For example you can use apps like pipe in a store in order to process code and furthermore you could obviously edit 4K movies that you shoot using this camera and then there's all those games.name99 - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
It's 20% larger than the TSMC A9. It's 85% of the size of the A9X. It's basically the size of the original A5 (122sqmm)Let's not get carried away with this "That chip is huge" nonsense. It's perfectly in keeping with Apple's chip sizes for the last 6 years or more.
newtech2016 - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
Dont like the way things are going, there is a big diference betwen 7 & 7plus. Really I didnt like the two camera setup for the larger iPhone. Jobs wouldn´t allow this in the first place.darwiniandude - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
You don't like the dual cameras? The dual cameras are a way to get past the form factor limits of phones. The 56mm with telephoto group in that space has to have no optical image stabilisation and a smaller aperture letting less light in, so it's a compromise, they need the normal camera as well.Job's wouldn't have allowed this? A better camera? I think he'd be thrilled about it. This setup has never been done before.
SyukriLajin - Saturday, September 17, 2016 - link
Never been done before? LolBillBear - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
According to Gruber, Apple confirmed to him that both cameras on the plus use the same sensor, although the secondary camera lacks optical image stabilization.http://daringfireball.net/2016/09/the_iphones_7
tipoo - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
It's interesting that no one seems to have a Globalfoundries chip model yet, as the 6S was a lottery between that and TSMC...I wonder if they stopped dual sourcing.name99 - Friday, September 16, 2016 - link
What are you talking about? There was never even a rumor that GF was in the running. And given that Apple is taking advantage of InFo (which right now is a TSMC specialty), there's zero reason to believe they're in any way part of the A10.IF (and this is a BIG IF) GF has a working 10nm process in place right now that they've kept secret, they might have a chance with the A11. But TSMC has already announced publicly its 10nm process is up and running for early development, and you can bet Apple has A11 prototypes on it.
jaxdid - Saturday, September 17, 2016 - link
It's not a piece of plastic. Its a barometer.Highlights vis-a-vis comments here that no matter how much espouse the supposed engineering Apple should have done, most people don't have a clue.